Reflecting upon past research is key to the development of new treatments. In this interview at the International Conference of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 2017, Estoril, Portugal by the European School of Hematology (ESH), Saar Gill, MD, PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, reflects upon the lessons learnt from treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia and how these lessons can be applied when tackling acute myeloid leukemia using CAR T-cells or bispecific antibodies.