In the coming era of lung cancer management, where the use of both targeted agents and new immunotherapies seems extremely promising, what challenges will remain? Speaking from the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Annual Conference 2018, held in Dublin, Ireland, Keith Kerr, FRCPath, FRCPE, of the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, discusses his perspective on future considerations for the management on lung cancer. Dr Kerr points out an unmet need that he foresees in the era of immuno-oncology, which highlights the utility of developing predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy response. In addition, Dr Kerr emphasizes the need for KRAS-specific therapy.