Somatic mutations can be used to inform diagnosis and prognosis, but they are also useful targets for novel therapies. Valeria Santini, MD, of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, explains which mutations are receiving the most focus as therapeutic targets in myelodysplastic syndromes in this interview from the 2018 Society of Hematologic Oncology (SOHO) Annual Meeting in Houston, TX. She discusses the potential for transforming outpatient treatment with oral therapies targeting IDH1, IDH2, and spliceosome genes. She also points to JAK inhibitors as useful therapies for patients with JAK1 or JAK2 mutations.