Steven T. Rosen, MD, from the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, discusses novel conceptual treatment approaches at the 2017 International Workshop in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (iwNHL) in Vancouver, BC, Canada. A novel nucleoside analogue is being developed that targets RNA instead of DNA has shown promising results in the treatment of AML. Drugs are also being repurposed, for example, arthritis drug leflunomide is being trialled in myeloma, and ritonavir, an HIV drug, is being tested to alter the metabolic activity of leukaemia cells.