A highly anticipated topic at the 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, held in San Francisco, CA, was immune checkpoint inhibitor data for bladder cancer. Here, Thomas Powles, MD, of Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK, tells us about the Phase III IMvigor211 study (NCT02302807), which is investigating the use of atezolizumab vs. standard chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients who have relapsed following platinum-based chemotherapy. Prof. Powles highlights the PD-L1 biomarker detection used in this trial and the unexpected results from this, followed by the interesting further analysis, including that of tumor mutational burden (TMB).