Here, Francesco Montorsi, MD, from Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, speaks at the 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, held in San Francisco, CA, about how the outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) could potentially be improved, with promising emerging data on novel therapies. Prof. Montorsi speaks about his experience as a physician, and how both patients with localized renal cancer and those with aggressive disease tend to have a poor prognosis, which highlights the need for novel drug studies that could improve patient outcomes. Prof. Montorsi concludes that drugs which target the immune system have been particularly effective in treating patients with metastatic RCC.