At the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition, Robin Foà , MD, from Sapienza University, Rome, Italy, summarises major advances, including the development of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. Discussed examples include the introduction of B-cell receptor (BCR) kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).