Here, Josep-Maria Ribera, MD, PhD, of Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, discusses the potential of measurable residual disease (MRD) testing to determine treatment outcome in acute leukemias. From the 2018 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Annual Meeting in Lisbon, Portugal, Prof. Ribera describes the treatment options for patients who are MRD positive, including immunotherapy and stem cell transplantation, and the ideal times for MRD testing during the treatment pathway.