Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogenous disease, and the specific mutations that are present in the patient play a large role in the prognosis. Here, Andrew Wei, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCPA, from the Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, explains the importance minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in this context. Dr Wei discusses how next-generation sequencing will allow clinicians to monitor the complete molecular architecture of each AML patient, and enable precision-guided therapy to target the different varieties of malignancies. This video was recorded at the 2018 European School of Hematology (ESH) Clinical Updates on Acute Leukemias, held in Budapest, Hungary.