The progression of multiple myeloma (MM) can be monitored by determing what stage a patient is at; most notably, the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM stages. In this interview, Robert Kyle, MD, of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, outlines the significance of these two stages and what they mean in terms of disease progression. Prof. Kyle emphasizes that patients positive for either of these two diseases must be closely monitored and describes how treatments, such as autologous stem cell transplant, may be administered in one of the early stages in an attempt to inhibit or at least slow down disease progression. Prof. Kyle gave this interview at the 1st European Myeloma Network (EMN) Meeting 2018, in Turin, Italy.