Disease relapse is a significant cause of transplant failure in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Talking at the 2018 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Annual Meeting in Lisbon, Portugal, Charles Craddock, CBE, FRCP (UK), FRCPath, DPhil, from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK, stresses the importance of managing relapse and how it may be achieved. Prof. Craddock mentions the exciting opportunities present to improve patient outcomes, but only with the use of clinical trials.