The NOA-16 trial is a multicenter, Phase I trial, which enrolled patients with newly diagnosed grade III and IV astrocytomas with specific IDH mutations. Here, Wolfgang Wick, MD, of the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, speaking from the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) 2018 Annual Meeting, held in Chicago, IL, provides an overview of this trial, explaining how the IDH-specific vaccine tested will be integrated into the first-line treatment of these patients. The immunogenicity of the vaccine in the blood and tumors of the patients after treatment was assessed, and further investigations will now be carried out to detect the specific immune responses occuring when this treatment is combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor avelumab.