Treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer has evolved as medical knowledge has expanded. Jeanny Aragon-Ching, MD, FACP, from Inova Schar Cancer Institue, Falls Church, VA, explains how, previously, the single treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer was a radical cystectomy, where patients still did not have the best outcomes. She talks about the need to incorporate a multidisciplinary approach, including medical oncologists, surgeons and radiation oncologists, in order to reach the most suitable treatment choice. Dr Aragon-Ching stresses how finding the right biomarkers is necessary to deliver the best care. She highlights how immunotherapy treatments for muscle-invasive cancer are still experimental, yet are showing promising results. This interview was recorded at the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium 2018 in San Francisco, CA.