At the 6th European Lung Cancer Conference (ELCC), held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1316 April 2016, David Carbone, MD, PhD, from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, provides an overview of the improvements in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, including ALK-targeted therapies with improved bloodbrain barrier penetrance and understanding of resistance mechanisms.