At the 6th European Lung Cancer Conference (ELCC), held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1316 April 2016, Kenneth O’Byrne, MD, from Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, discusses LUX-Lung 7, a phase 2b, global, randomized, open-label trial of afatinib compared with gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).