Justin Stebbing, MD, MA, FRCP, FRCPath, PhD from Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK discusses developments in anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs presented at the American Society of Oncology (ASCO) 2016 Annual Meeting held in Chicago, IL. Prof Stebbing discusses a study on nivolumab and ipilimumab in 220 patients with small cell lung cancer and how these drugs might change the outlook for this disease. He further discusses the presentation on the OX40 agonist MOXR0916 and the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors and what this might mean for the future use of chemotherapy.