Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increasingly appear to be influenced by genetic features, with new research attempting to provide a clearer understanding of how genetic predisposition can lead to the development of these diseases and their altered signaling pathways. In this interview, Jane Churpek, MD, of the University Chicago, IL, discusses the research currently underway in this area, such as that looking at germline RUNX1 mutations, and highlights the importance of having an understanding of disease progression. This video was recorded at the International Conference on Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 2017 in Estoril, Portugal by the European School of Hematology (ESH).