In recent years, the medical community has become aware of certain genetic factors that can predispose someone to developing hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. However, our understanding of the full extent of the genetic components of these illnesses is far from complete. In this interview, Jane Churpek, MD, of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, describes the difficulties faced when treating a patient with leukemia while considering the hereditary aspects of the disease. Dr Churpek highlights some of the typical concerns of patients and the questions that may be asked in this scenario. This video was recorded at the International Conference on Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 2017 in Estoril, Portugal by the European School of Hematology (ESH).