Cinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically only include relapsed/refractory patients, rather than patients at an earlier stages of the disease. Speaking from the International Conference on Acute Myeloid Leukemia 2017, Estoril, Portugal by the European School of Hematology (ESH), Marion Subklewe, MD, of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany, explains the downsides of this, but highlights the reasons why this occurs.