Florent Malard, MD, PhD, of Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France, discusses potential measures to improve the outcome of transplantation at the 2018 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EMBT) Annual Meeting, held in Lisbon, Portugal. He emphasizes the need for further research into the impact of NKT cells on the complications of transplantation, namely graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Dr Malard also discusses his teams analysis comparing the use of anti-thymocite globulin (ATG)-based in vivo depletion and CD34 selected grafts with ex vivo depletion in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with GvHD.