Understanding the biology of human disease is of the utmost importance to advancing treatment. We are now making excellent headway in the bench-to-bedside translation of knowledge in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as discussed here by Charles Craddock, CBE, FRCP (UK), FRCPath, DPhil, of the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Speaking from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2017 Annual Meeting and Exposition in Atlanta, GA, Prof. Craddock discusses these breakthroughs.