Prior to the evaluation of whether lung cancer screening should be adopted, its impact on patient survival must be thoroughly investigated. In this topical interview, Neal Navani, PhD, of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, discusses the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; NCT00047385) and the European NELSON trial (ISRCTN63545820), for which further results are expected in late 2018. This video was recorded at the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Annual Conference 2018, held in Dublin, Ireland.