One issue with lung cancer screening is that nodules, which may or may not be malignant, can be detected, leading to unnecessary biopsies and stress for patients who do not have lung cancer. In this interview, Robert Rintoul, PhD, FRCP, of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK, discusses the issue. Dr Rintoul highlights the need for non-invasive assays to determine the probability of nodules being cancerous, referencing his groups work investigating exhaled breath signatures, as well as blood samples to detect ctDNA. This video was recorded at the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG) Annual Conference 2018, held in Dublin, Ireland.